@article{Rothwell_1989, title={Technologial policies in Europe}, volume={9}, url={https://centrodeeconomiapolitica.org/repojs/index.php/journal/article/view/1603}, DOI={10.1590/0101-31571989-1252}, abstractNote={<p>While governments in the advanced market economies have for many years been<br />involved in the formulation of policies designed to stimulate scientific advance and technological<br />change, it was not until the mid-1970s that explicit “innovation” policies emerged. Innovation<br />policy represented an integration of the more traditional “industrial policy” and “science<br />and technology policy”. During the early 1980s public policy emphasis once again shifted<br />when governments began to introduce so-called “technology policies”. Technology policy involves<br />the selection and development of particular generic technologies or high-technology<br />product groups. Today all advanced European economies have adopted technology policies for<br />the support of information technology and biotechnology. This article discusses and compares<br />technology policies in the United Kingdom, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany, as<br />well as policies operating at the European level promulgated by the EEC.</p> <p><strong>JEL Classification:</strong> O38; O30.</p>}, number={1}, journal={Brazilian Journal of Political Economy}, author={Rothwell, Roy}, year={1989}, month={Jan.}, pages={89-115} }